What happens if calculated E°cell is negative?

A negative E°cell indicates a non-spontaneous electrolytic cell that requires an external power supply or voltage source to force the reaction to proceed.

Galvanic Cell Potential (E°)Chemistry

Standard Galvanic Cell Potential (E°cell) & EMF Calculator

Calculate standard electrochemical cell electromotive force (E°cell), electrical Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), and equilibrium constant from reduction potentials.

Chemistry & Solutions Electrochemistry Thermodynamics

Calculated Result

Standard Cell Potential (E°cell)

1.1V

Calculator Inputs

Cathode Reduction Potential E°cat (V)

Quick select:

Anode Reduction Potential E°an (V)

Quick select:

Electrons Transferred (n)

e⁻

Quick select:

Standard Cell Potential (E°cell)

1.1V

Standard Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG°)

-212.27 kJ/mol

Log Equilibrium Constant (log10 K)

37.19 -

Spontaneous Galvanic Battery (E°cell > 0): The redox reaction proceeds spontaneously, generating useful electric current and voltage.

Electrode Potentials vs Standard Cell Voltage

Cathode E°cat

0.34 V(24%)

E°cell Standard

1.1 V(76%)

Standard electrochemistry tool for battery voltage, Galvanic cell EMF, and redox spontaneity modeling.

Calculation Methodology

Cell Potential: E°cell = E°cathode - E°anode (using standard reduction potentials). Standard Gibbs Energy: ΔG° = -n * F * E°cell (Faraday constant F = 96.485 kJ/V·mol). Positive E°cell (> 0) denotes a spontaneous galvanic battery.

Frequently Asked Questions

Because voltage measures electrical potential difference (Joules per Coulomb) rather than total energy; multiplying stoichiometric coefficients has zero effect on the voltage value.