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Second-Order KineticsChemistry

Second-Order Reaction Kinetics & Dynamic Half-Life Calculator

Calculate remaining reactant concentration [A]t, concentration-dependent half-life (t1/2), and fraction consumed for second-order bimolecular chemical processes.

Chemistry & SolutionsChemical Kinetics
Calculated Result

Remaining Concentration [A]t

0.23M

Calculator Inputs

M
Quick select:
1/(M*s)
Quick select:
s
Quick select:

Remaining Concentration [A]t

0.23M

Initial Half-Life (t1/2 seconds)

25 s

Percent Consumed (%)

54.55 %

Second-Order Characteristic: Half-life is inversely proportional to concentration; as reactant depletes, subsequent half-lives progressively lengthen.

Second-Order Reciprocal Decay Profile

initial_conc_a0
0.5(69%)
Concentration [A]t
0.23 M(31%)

Standard chemical kinetics tool for bimolecular and second-order integrated rate law analysis.

Calculation Methodology

Second-Order Integrated Rate Law: 1 / [A]t = (1 / [A]0) + k * t. Solved for concentration: [A]t = [A]0 / (1 + k * t * [A]0). Half-Life: t_1/2 = 1 / (k * [A]0). Rate constant k has units M^-1 s^-1.

Frequently Asked Questions

Because t_1/2 = 1 / (k * [A]); when concentration halves, the time required to halve it again exactly doubles (t_1/2(2) = 2 * t_1/2(1)).

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